Linux新开机器配置

xlc5202022年9月28日大约 4 分钟约 1106 字

Linux 新开机器配置

1.更换 yum/apt 源

通知：CentOS 8 操作系统版本结束了生命周期（EOL），Linux 社区已不再维护该操作系统版本。建议您切换到 Anolis 或 Alinux。如果您的业务过渡期仍需要使用 CentOS 8 系统中的一些安装包，请根据下文切换 CentOS 8 的源。

CentOS

1. 备份

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup

2. 下载新的 CentOS-Base.repo 到 /etc/yum.repos.d/

centos8（centos8 官方源已下线，建议切换 centos-vault 源）

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

CentOS 7

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

或者

curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

3. 运行 `yum makecache` 生成缓存

Ubuntu

因为 Linux 子系统的 apt 源使用的是官方源，需要连接到国外的服务器。所以安装一些软件时下载会很慢，我们可以改用国内的镜像 apt 源。国内的镜像源主要有：

可以直接使用 vim 对 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件进行修改。

先进行一下备份。

mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

然后

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

阿里源 ubuntu 20.04(focal)

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

执行apt-get update更新索引

华为云源 ubuntu 20.04(focal)

1、备份配置文件：

sudo cp -a /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2、修改sources.list 文件，将**http://archive.ubuntu.com**和**http://security.ubuntu.com**替换成**http://repo.huaweicloud.com**，可以参考如下命令：

sudo sed -i "s@http://.*archive.ubuntu.com@http://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i "s@http://.*security.ubuntu.com@http://repo.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/apt/sources.list

3、执行apt-get update更新索引

附: 华为云源 ubuntu 20.04(focal)：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 20.04 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20200423)]/ focal main restricted

#deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 20.04 LTS _Focal Fossa_ - Release amd64 (20200423)]/ focal main restricted

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal universe
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal multiverse
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security main restricted
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security universe
deb http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse
# deb-src http://repo.huaweicloud.com/ubuntu focal-security multiverse

# This system was installed using small removable media

2.Docker 安装

一键安装命令：

curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh

#升级yum
sudo yum update  

#卸载旧版本
sudo yum remove docker  docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine  

#安装依赖  
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2  

#设置源  
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo   

# 更新yum缓存
yum makecache fast

# 安装Docker
yum -y install docker-ce

# 启动
systemctl start docker

# 查看是否启动成功
docker info

# 开机自启
systemctl enable docker

# Cannot connect to the Docker daemon at unix:///var/run/docker.sock. Is the d
systemctl restart docker  #重启一下就行

# 在下载镜像前，需要设置一下国内源，用来提高下载速度
sudo vim /etc/docker/daemon.json

# 配置
{  
    "registry-mirrors": ["https://d7grpode.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]  
}

# 重启
sudo systemctl restart docker

卸载 Docker

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine

卸载 Docker 后,/var/lib/docker/目录下会保留原 Docker 的镜像,网络,存储卷等文件. 如果需要全新安装 Docker,需要删除/var/lib/docker/目录

rm -fr /var/lib/docker/